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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a common neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4% of the general population. It is accompanied by high levels of co-morbidity (depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse) and significant emotional, social, and occupational impairments. Both psychotherapy and medication are effective treatments for adults with ADHD. Stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine are the most frequently prescribed drugs. Medicines Many adults with ADHD have seen significant improvement in their symptoms and functioning in response to medications. It is important that people with ADHD discover the right combination of medications that works for them. Stimulants, including amphetamines and methylphenidate, are the most commonly prescribed medications for adults with ADHD. They are available in liquid or tablet form in an immediate-release (short acting) formulation. They can be taken every three to four hour. Some adults may supplement an immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medication taken once a day to reduce the need for frequent dosing throughout the day. Adults with ADHD can also be treated successfully with antidepressants such as desipramine. This class of medications can be used by itself or in combination with stimulants to enhance their effects. However, they could increase the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects such as a rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. adhd in adults untreated with ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam and clonidine, which are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These medications were initially created to treat hypertension. They have a calming effect and can improve focus, and reduce hyperactivity and impulse control in some adults. These medications can result in very low blood pressure if they suddenly stop, or the dosage is decreased. Adults with ADHD may also benefit from psychotherapy. Individual talk therapy can help them cope with their feelings of shame and embarrassment regarding their ADHD, as well as anger toward supervisors, colleagues teachers, and family members who may nag or criticize them. In addition counseling for marriage and families can help couples suffering from ADHD understand each other's problems and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy One of the main goals of psychosocial therapy for adults ADHD is to impart strategies and skills that help improve function in everyday life. Psychotherapy can also help people with ADHD to overcome the low self-esteem and feeling of failure that is often associated with this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps individuals change the negative thoughts that create problems in their lives and to develop new ways of thinking and feeling, as well as doing. This short-term, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy has proven to be effective for many conditions such as anxiety and depression. It can be used by itself or in combination with other therapies. CBT can include group therapy. This is especially beneficial for people with ADHD because it enables them to meet others who face similar challenges and learn about how they manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be provided in person or via the phone. One study compared the results of CBT against conventional therapy for adults suffering from ADHD and discovered that both treatments resulted in improvement in self-report assessments of functioning, symptoms, and quality of life. A number of studies have compared CBT with other psychosocial treatments for adults with ADHD and all have shown significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms with medium to large effect size. These improvements were associated with diverse modalities like interpersonal and cognitive behavior therapy, social skills training, problem-solving training, and mindfulness meditation. It is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatments for adults with ADHD with caution. It is likely that the differences in outcomes results result from a variety of factors, including treatment features and the methods employed. A few studies have looked into the effectiveness of neurofeedback. adhd in adults symptoms and treatment involves wearing a hat with electrodes while performing cognitive tasks to pinpoint brain areas in which there is excessive or inadequate activity. The person is then taught to regulate these patterns. Counseling Many people suffering from ADHD have anxiety or mood disorders that require treatment. Counseling can address these problems that may be contributing ADHD symptoms. Some psychotherapy approaches include the use of interpersonal therapy to improve a person's ability to build meaningful relationships and to resolve conflicts. Cognitive behavioral therapy seeks to transform negative behaviors and assist in managing impulsive and self-destructive behaviors that can cause problems at school or work. In certain cases psychotherapy may be utilized in conjunction with medications for adults adhd treatment. Patients with multiple disorders like addiction to substances, depression and bipolar disorder must be assessed to ensure that their symptoms are not worsened by medications used to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning, and a history of seizures, need to be treated with more vigor. Outpatient intensive programs may be recommended if the person's ADHD is such that it interferes with their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs offer structured treatment that is more intense than traditional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps adults with ADHD improve their abilities to manage their time and impulse control, as well as organizing, and executive function. It helps them recognize and express their feelings. It utilizes worksheets and activities to make the learning more engaging. Mindfulness meditation training enhances CBT and improves the ability of people to concentrate and control their emotions. It increases the capacity of a person to tolerate anxiety and stress. It can assist them in dealing with sadness, anger and other emotional issues which could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD experience difficulties at work and at home. In addition to affecting their work performance, these symptoms interfere with relationships and can cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help improve your self-esteem, resolve underlying problems and establish healthy coping mechanisms. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a successful treatment for adults with ADHD because it teaches them how to change their negative attitudes and behaviours. It focuses on teaching techniques for managing time and overcoming thinking distortions that contribute to negative moods, and the perception of limited possibilities. Many people who suffer from ADHD also suffer from depression or anxiety disorders. These psychiatric disorders can diminish or even increase the effectiveness of certain medications that are used to treat ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended to first treat the most severe comorbidity and then monitor its response to the medication prior to treating the other disorder. Occupational therapy can teach you ways to organize your life and work, set up regular routines, manage your time and money and build confidence in yourself. It can also help you master relaxation techniques that can reduce your impulsivity and hyperactivity. Additionally yoga and other forms of exercise can help you focus better by ensuring your body is stable in different postures. Marriage and family counseling can address the problems that adults with ADHD often cause their spouses, children and their families. They often complain about being insecure, unorganized, and susceptible to making decisions based on impulsivity. Therapy and classes where spouses and other family members are educated on ADHD can help you establish healthier relationships. Moreover, it can help you and your loved ones understand that these problems are related to the patient's ADHD rather than to an absence of care or refusing to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a highly prevalent neurobiological disorder. It is accompanied by a high rate of comorbidity. This includes anxiety, depression and addiction disorders. Treatment options include medication and psychosocial interventions. There are a range of medications available for adults with ADHD. Certain of these medications have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the drugs. Adults with ADHD might experience the same symptoms as children have, but it's difficult to diagnose because childhood symptoms might not persist in adulthood. Additionally, people with ADHD might not have a history of the disorder in their families or may not be aware of experiencing symptoms. A thorough medical history is important to determine if the symptoms are caused by a medical condition such as thyroid issues or sleep apnea. It could also be due to hearing and vision problems or lead poisoning. Adults with ADHD are treated with stimulants or nonstimulants. Stimulants are the most effective drugs to treat adults suffering from ADHD and their response rates are in the 70%-80 percentage range. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are among the most frequently prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate is also administered through a transdermal system. This permits continuous medication delivery throughout the daytime. Nonstimulant drugs for adults with ADHD are primarily tricyclic antidepressants that work on norepinephrine and dopamine. Desipramine, the most studied tricyclic, has been shown to be effective in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose drug and should be increased by 50 mg every seven days until the desired effect is observed. Bupropion XL is another antidepressant which has been proven to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that is able to block the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transporter, thereby increasing its availability in the brain. This drug has been shown to improve mood and decrease hyperactivity in adults. However, adhd in adults characterization diagnosis and treatment isn't as effective as stimulants in improving cognitive performance or concentration.